What the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram Reveals about Stars

The stars are the most amazing physical engines in the universe. They radiate light and heat, and they create chemical elements in their cores. However, when observers look at them in the night sky, all they see are thousands of pinpoints of light. Some appear reddish, others yellow or white, or even blue. Those colors actually give clues to the temperatures and ages of the stars and where they are in their life-spans. Astronomers sort stars by their colors and temperatures, and the result is a famous graph called the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram. The H-R diagram is a chart that every astronomy student learns early on. Learning the Basic H-R Diagram Generally, the H-R diagram is a plot of  temperature vs. luminosity.  Think of luminosity as a way to define the brightness of an object. Temperature is something were all familiar with, generally as the heat  of an object. It helps define something called a stars spectral class, which astronomers also figure out by studying the wavelengths of light that come from the star. So, in a standard H-R diagram, spectral classes are labeled from hottest to coolest stars, with the letters O, B, A, F, G, K, M (and out to L, N, and R). Those classes also represent specific colors. In some H-R diagrams, the letters are arranged across the top line of the chart. Hot blue-white stars lie to the left and the cooler ones tend to be more toward the right side of the chart. The basic H-R diagram is labeled as the one shown here. The nearly diagonal line is called the main sequence. Nearly 90 percent of the stars in the universe exist along that line at one time in their lives. They do this while they are still fusing hydrogen to helium in their cores. Eventually, they run out of hydrogen and start to fuse helium.  Thats when they evolve to become giants and supergiants. On the chart, such advanced stars end up in the upper right corner. Stars like the Sun may take this path, and then ultimately shrink down to become white dwarfs, which appear in the lower-left part of the chart. The Scientists and Science Behind the H-R Diagram The H-R diagram was developed in 1910 by the astronomers Ejnar Hertzsprung and Henry Norris Russell. Both men were working with spectra of stars — that is, they were studying the light from stars by using spectrographs. Those instruments break down the light into its component wavelengths. The way the stellar wavelengths appear gives clues to the chemical elements in the star. They can also reveal information about its temperature, motion through space, and its magnetic field strength. By plotting the stars on the H-R diagram according to their temperatures, spectral classes, and luminosity, astronomers can classify stars into their different types. Today, there are different versions of the chart, depending on what specific characteristics astronomers want to chart. Each chart has a similar layout, with the brightest stars stretching up toward the top and veering off to the top left, and a few in the lower corners. The Language of the H-R Diagram The H-R diagram uses terms that are familiar to all astronomers, so its worth learning the language of the chart. Most observers have probably heard the term magnitude when applied to stars. Its a measure of a stars brightness. However, a star might appear bright for a couple of reasons:   It could be fairly close and thus look brighter than one farther away  It could be brighter because its hotter. For the H-R diagram, astronomers are mainly interested in a stars intrinsic brightness — that is, its brightness due to how hot it actually is. Thats why luminosity (mentioned earlier) is plotted along the y-axis. The more massive the star is, the more luminous it is. Thats why the hottest, brightest stars are plotted among the giants and supergiants in the H-R Diagram. Temperature and/or spectral class are, as mentioned above, derived by looking at the stars light very carefully. Hidden within its wavelengths are clues about the elements that are in the star. Hydrogen is the most common element, as shown by the work of astronomer Cecelia Payne-Gaposchkin in the early 1900s. Hydrogen is fused to make helium in the core, so thats why astronomers see helium in a stars spectrum, too. The spectral class is very closely related to a stars temperature, which is why the brightest stars are in classes O and B. The coolest stars are in classes K and M. The very coolest objects are also dim and small, and even include brown dwarfs. One thing to keep in mind is that the H-R diagram can show us what stellar type a star can become, but it doesnt necessarily predict any changes in a star. Thats why we have astrophysics — which applies the laws of physics to the lives of the stars.

Capitalism Is An Efficient Market System Essay - 1541 Words

Capitalism is an incredibly efficient market system yet it comes at distinct costs. A core problem of capitalism is the manner it fulfils human need and desire. It is a system of preference satisfaction. This is a problem because people’s preferences seldom align with the things that will actually make them happy. If only I had a faster car, computer and cell phone, I would finally be†¦ The end of the sentence is never even finished. The ultimate end of happiness is replaced with the proximate ends of fulfilling a desire, inculcated by capitalism to begin with. This is advanced in the 21st century where we spend much of our time absorbing media designed by the capitalist system to stimulate our expenditure; to create desires that never existed, that when fulfilled will bring no fulfilment, no happiness. A core notion of capitalism is freedom. Freedom from the government to pursue whatever ends you believe will bring you happiness. With the protection of private property, what is ours, what we own, is our ends .To this Marx provides a perfectionist alternative and a detailed exposition of the problem of alienation (Marx, 1844). This essay is a nuanced exposition of Marx’s alienation with a brief critique of two aspects of Marx’s theory. To understand alienation we must first delve into Marx’s historical materialism (Kymlicka, 2002: 176). The start of capitalism begins when feudalism ends, industrialisation. Feudalism was defined by its unmasked class divisions and alienationShow MoreRelatedAdam Smith Division Of Labor Summary1423 Words   |  6 Pagessaving of time due to more efficient workers. The third reason is the application of machinery, which goes hand in hand with the Industrial Revolution. As more machinery was created, it could be used in the production of goods and increase productivity. These concepts of division of labor and productivity were central characteristics of Smiths system, because he saw them ahead of his time and they would become the driver of the Industrial Revolution and Smiths social system. The third major conceptRead MoreSocialism - The Best Economic System Essay1461 Words   |  6 Pagesgreat debate over politics and which economic system works the best. How needs and wants should be allocated, and who should do the allocating, is one of the most highly debated topics in our current society. Be it communist dictators defending a command economy, free market conservatives defending a market economy, or European liberals defending socialism, everyone has an opinion. While all systems have flaws and merits, it must be decided which system is the best for all citizens. When looking atRead MoreThe Current Objective Of The Healthcare Industry Essay1523 Words   |  7 Pages(Collyer, 2015, p.36). This approach is still seen in the current system where doctors and hospitals are encouraged to do tests and procedures for generating higher revenues. Capitalism Many who are against capitalism have revealed that the reason why healthcare is a capitalist industry is since accountability is not enforced especially with regards to its extraordinary costs (Hamblin, 2014). This is because massive hospital systems have the cash to buy out competitors resulting to potential monopoliesRead MoreCapitalism Essay1175 Words   |  5 PagesCapitalism Throughout my duration in college, business has been my major area of concentration. Capitalism is the most central and consequential topic which has to do with business. The ideals of capitalism, over time, have faced much scrutiny. Many great minds within the past two centuries have discredited capitalism, for the virtues of socialism and the whole of society. It is my intent to put forth a moral justification of the ideals behind capitalism. Ayn Rand said â€Å"TheRead MoreThroughout History, Economists And Philosophers Have Theorized1533 Words   |  7 Pageseconomists and philosophers have theorized and implemented a multitude of different systems as an attempt to overcome scarcity. Most American children are taught from an early age to believe that capitalism corresponds to opportunity and democracy, and that it effectively battles scarcity. In this sense, many would argue that capitalism has been the most successful economic system in history. While this may be true, pure capitalism has fundamental flaws that lead to a variety of social issues. As societyRead MoreCapitalism : Is Capitalism Good?946 Words   |  4 PagesCapitalism is a subject that can be considered deeply controversial. There are many who tout the benefits that capitalism provides to the economy and the progress of human society. There are others who decry that it is a system which promotes selfish motives and extols profits above honesty and ge nuine goodness. This essay will examine the claims of each and will reach to conclude the answer to the question â€Å"is capitalism good?† The Dawn of Capitalism and its Opposition The advent of the ideal ofRead MoreCommunism vs Capitalism992 Words   |  4 PagesIs Communism a better economic system than capitalism? By Michael Kujawski Since the beginning of the 20th century many countries have favored the economic system of communism over capitalism many political partys around the world that are communist based have the term â€Å"workers party†incuded in their name because communism is a system for the working class and capitalism is a competitive system for the upper class society to benefit. 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With the political recognition of property rights, togother with the provisions of financial system, an increasing number of business began to engage in intra-conlonial trade, and the economy was expanded through this way. However, although the property of rights wasRead MoreThe Essential Nature of Capitalism Essay552 Words   |  3 PagesThe Essential Nature of Capitalism The essential nature of capitalism is social harmony through the pursuit of self-interest. Under capitalism, the individuals pursuit of his own economic self-interest simultaneously benefits the economic self-interests of all others. In allowing each individual to act unhampered by government regulations, capitalism causes wealth to be created in the most efficient manner possible which ultimately raises the standard of living, increases the economic opportunities

The Relationship Between Motivation And Performance Of...

Abstract Motivation derived from Latin word† Movere†, it is the drive which motivates to perform better. There is a link between motivation and performance. It is already resulted from previous studies that the motivated employees give more positive outcomes. To further investigate the relation among motivation and performance of workers. The research statement is designed to evaluate the relationship between motivation and employee’s performance. To evaluate the relationship, the quantitative research approach will be used to gather the data. A closed-ended questionnaire is designed and random sampling method will be used to collect the data. The target population will be 100 employees from Countdown Supermarket, Te Puke, New Zealand. The data will be analysed by using Likert Scale and by calculating Mean, Mode, Median and frequency or percentage. The expected results might show that it is the demand of every employee to be appreciated for their work either internally or e xternally. The limitation of this study will be the less information collected from the respondents. This quantitative research will give way to carry out further study. 1.Introduction Motivation is the mixture of a person s feelings and efforts towards achieving a goal. Motivation can be internal, such as satisfaction and feelings of achievement; or external, such as rewards, punishment, and goal obtainment. Every employee is motivated by different factors, so it is the responsibility ofShow MoreRelatedRelationship Between Motivation And Economics Essay1376 Words   |  6 PagesRelationship Between Motivation and Economics in Southwest Airlines All organizations aspire to be successful in this era of rapid development where the market is very competitive. Therefore, there is a need for them to motivate their employees since they are a critical strategic asset for dealing with such competition. Employees’ motivation can be described as the psychological process that causes workers to behave in a positive manner thus improving their performance behavior (Townsend, 2002)Read MoreThe Importance Of Employee Motivation And Customer Retention Essay1634 Words   |  7 PagesGanesh and Mangalore (2016) established a strong link between employee motivation and customer retention. Therefore, any effort to improve the performance of an organization should begin with addressing human resource issues in the attempt to improve its motivation. Employee motivation has been a central area of focus in organizational behavior issues and studies. Scholars and professionals have been trying to understand factors that motivate workers. One of the key roles and responsibilities of aRead MoreEmployment Benefits And Rewards Like Outings And An Employee s Work Effort As Inputs986 Words   |  4 Pagesloyalty of a worker †¢ Flexibility of the employee such as undertaking short-term tasks †¢ The support the employee has provided to the organization, colleagues and line managers. Output Examples: †¢ Salary †¢ Bonus †¢ Prizes †¢ Recognition of the employee’s contribution †¢ Positive work appraisals †¢ Work promotions †¢ Pension †¢ Employer flexibility †¢ Annual leave Adam s stated that if an employee believes that his work outs are not equal to or greater than his contributions, the worker will loseRead MoreEssay on Intrinsic versus Extrinsic Motivation1327 Words   |  6 PagesIntrinsic versus Extrinsic Motivation Introduction The success of any business depends on the productivity and satisfaction of its employees. Employees need to be motivated to work. Motivation can be defined as the inner force that drives individuals to accomplish personal and organizational goals. Motivation can be either intrinsic or extrinsic. For an individual to be motivated in a work situation there must be a need, which the individual would have to perceive a possibilityRead MoreThe Link Between Performance and Reward Management1061 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Performance and Reward Management: Performance management is an important organizational aspect that is geared towards developing people with necessary competencies and commitment for working towards the achievement of common organizational goals. As a result, the frameworks of this component are developed in order to enhance both individual and organizational performance. This is done through identifying performance needs, providing regular feedback, and helping individuals in their career developmentRead MoreThe Relationship Between Reward, Employee Motivation and Production945 Words   |  4 Pages M121692 COURSE: HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 1 COURSE CODE: HRM 101 LECTURER: MR NYAMUBARWA QUESTION: CRITICALLY ANALYSE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REWARDS,EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION AND PRODUCTIVITY The main thrust of this essay is to critically analyse the relationship between reward ,employee motivation and productivity.Humble (1992) goes on to define motivation as an influence that causes people (employees in this case) to want to behave in a certain way.Productivity is then defined as theRead MoreHow Happiness Can Improve Productivity788 Words   |  3 Pagesvarious claims about the effect of happiness on productivity. Some people think that the enjoyment of life can produce involvement and smooth interaction. Therefore, it can boost productivity. Others rather expect that happiness will reduce the motivation to seek improvement and make them passive and dull. Comparing with other organization, construction industry has the highest need of human resources for all hierarchical levels. It is one of the largest global employment sectors, providing workRead MoreEngstrom Auto Mirror Plant : Motivating942 Words   |  4 Pagesissues, lack of motivation, Individual moral, and inadequate communication between management and employees. The resulting impact of each of these root causes is clarified with the support of human behavior theories. The theories ultimately gave reasons for why people behave the way they do in an organizational setting. Engstrom Auto Mirror Plant: Motivating in Good Times and Bad Root Cause Analysis The success of an organization is built on a functional relationship between managers and employeesRead MoreCommunication Serves Four Major Functions Within A Group1285 Words   |  6 Pagesmajor functions within a group or organisation: (1) control, (2) motivation, (3) emotional expression and (4) information (Scott and Mitchell, 1976). (1) Communication assists in the controlling process through the various levels of hierarchy with certain principles and guidelines that employees must comply to. (2) The development of specific goals, feedback on performance, and reward for desired behaviour all stimulate motivation and require communication. (3) Communication within the work groupRead MoreBrm Reaearch1696 Words   |  7 Pages2013 (Friday) Companies benefit through employee loyalty. Crude downsizing in organizations during the recession crushed the loyalty of millions. The economic benefits of loyalty embrace lower recruitment and training costs, higher productivity of workers, customer satisfaction, and the boost to morale of fresh recruits. In order that these benefits are not lost, some companies while downsizing try various gimmicks. Flex leave, for instance, is one. This helps employees receive 20% of their salary

Security Policy Framework - 2443 Words

Information Security Policy Framework Information Security Policy Framework Information Security Policy Framework For the healthcare industry it is important to have an Information Security Policy Framework within the organization to protect information that is accessed across the network by staff personnel and patients. In accordance with ISO/IEC 27799:2008, we begin to define the guidelines to support the interpretation and implementation of healthcare information protection. ISO/IEC 27799:2008 references the basic controls and guidelines of ISO/IEC27002:2005 will provide the minimum protection necessary to meet organizational needs. Healthcare organizations that†¦show more content†¦What defines how you will handle all of these devices? Can personal devices be used or only ones issued from the organization. Your information could be at risk if people are allowed that access to information with proper controls defined by policy. In the System/Access Domain people have the ability to collect and store information on the network from virtually any location. The issue of concern i s the safety of the information. Does it contain viruses or malware? The next concern is private information or proprietary information leaving you facility. How can you prevent it? The concept of Data Loss Prevention (DLP) can assist with this process. DLP provides the ability to search policy and procedures to determine what is considered private or confidential information which assists with not allowing that information to be stored in unsafe locations. DLP also provides a perimeter check where data is checked when it is being transmitted to a CD burner. If unsafe information or company information is being passed then DLP has the ability to stop the transfer. One of the biggest challenges for implementing to concepts of security policy framework in the healthcare industry is following the requirements of HIPPA. Under HIPPA regulations there are two principles that must be followed; Standards for the privacy of Individually Identifiable Health Information (HIPPA Privacy rule) and the Security Standards for Individually Identifiable HealthShow MoreRelatedIT Security Policy Framework Essay837 Words   |  4 PagesEstablishing an effective Information Technology Security Policy Framework is critical in the development of a comprehensive security program. The purpose of the Information Security Policy Framework is to insure your organization will be able to provide the minimum security level necessary to maintain confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the information it collects and uses. The ISO/IEC 27000-series consist of information security standards published jointly by the InternationalRead MoreSecurity Policy Framework For Creating A Security Program1989 Words   |  8 Pageseffective IT security policy framework to creating a security program to meet the needs of the organization to protect information and their information systems. There are many security frameworks that can be used to design an IT security program such as NIST and COBIT being a few. It is very important to establishing compliance of IT security controls with U.S. laws and regulation. The organization can align the policies and controls with the regulations. There are seven domain in the framework and eachRead MorePolicy Framework : Management Of Information Security889 Words   |  4 PagesPolicy Framework Management of Information Security †¢ At board level, responsibility for Information Security shall reside with the Head of ICT. †¢ The managers shall be responsible for enforcing, implementing, monitoring, documenting and communicating security policy requirements for the company. †¢ All staff, permanent or temporary, and third party contractors must be aware of the information security procedures and comply. Information Security Training †¢ Information security training shall beRead MoreVertical Component Of Information Safety Environment913 Words   |  4 Pagescreating the information security environment, the more employees are willing to be compliant with the policies (Chen, Ramamurthy, Wen, 2012). This is because more commitment, monitoring and training are being in place with respect to information security policy and preparation. Therefore, in this study the three hypotheses will be a positive relationship between management engagement, regulation and training of information security and employees compliance with these policies. Below the top leadershipRead MoreCyber Security And Internet Policy2188 Words   |  9 Pages Cyber Security and Internet Policy IT-644-OL: Technology, Law, and Policy Instructor: Martin Ignatovski Student: Akash Allamuneni Introduction: Cyber security threats change quickly as Internet increases, and also the related dangers are getting to be progressively international. Being covered against cyber security threats requires almost all end users, actually the most complex versions, to know the particular threats in addition to enhance their particular safety measuresRead MoreInformation Technology Manager Acting As A Purchasing Agent1648 Words   |  7 Pagesproperly and completely perform purchasing agent activities. Moreover, this ensures a more transparent process, which allows for detection and reporting of irregularities. With checklists, the IT Department can identify potential irregularities from policy, suspicious cases, and any difficulties encountered during the IT purchasing process, including the potential of kickbacks. As Barden (2010) reported, the organization’s specific procuremetn rules and regulations should be taken into account in theRead MoreEssay on Security Issues of Ambient Networks2196 Words   |  9 PagesIn this essay we will present security issues of a networking concept referred to as ambient networks, which aims to enable the cooperation of heterogeneous networks belonging to different operator or technology domains. In this way, it appears as homogeneous to the users of the network services. Providing security in ambient networks is a huge challenge. The main reason is that the traditional security model is not valid anymore. Traditional security assumes that there is a vulnerable channelRead MoreCyber Security Vulnerability : A Analysis On The Vulnerabilities As Well As The Uses Of Cyber Intrusions2396 Words   |  10 Pages Cyber security vulnerability Bryan States University of Maryland University College Professor CSEC 610 July 7, 2015 Introduction An analysis on the vulnerabilities as well as the use of cyber intrusions in an organizational network has become key for running businesses (Sengupta, Mazumdar Bagchi, 2011). Enterprises including academic facilities, government parastatals and manufacturing firms are started to carry out business. The organizations mentioned above will in one way orRead MoreEuropean Union : International Security And Defense Policy Essay1363 Words   |  6 Pagesrepresents single institutional framework, based on three pillars: the Community pillar, which has a supranational character, the Common Foreign and Security Policy pillar, and the Justice and Home Affairs pillar. The second and third pillars, have an intergovernmental character. Under the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) domain are nested all questions related to the security of the EU, including the common defense. EU objectives in the area of external security and defense were identifiedRead MoreEuropean Union s Foreign Polic y961 Words   |  4 PagesEuropean Union’s Foreign policy. Some interpret the policy to be an ‘ongoing puzzle’, emerging from the distinction of either being a derivative policy of a common Union, or being a policy of cooperation amongst the independent EU member states, while the others consider the policy area to be ‘a moveable feast in a state of constant flux’. (Christiansen Tonra, 2005) (Smith H. , 2002) . There are even those academicians who presume that European Union does not have a foreign policy as it is not a sovereign

Aspects of a Tragic Hero Free Essays

Aspects of a Tragic Hero To be a tragic hero, the character must show a great strength of heroism, including a vulnerability, that could lead to his or her demise. Sophocles, the great ancient playwright of the Greek Empire was as popular then as he is today. Antigone, one of his many plays, is still appreciated in modern day literature. We will write a custom essay sample on Aspects of a Tragic Hero or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sophocles’ main characters Antigone and Creon are both similar and diverse in which they could qualify as tragic heroes. Antigone and Creon have very many similar traits that could qualify them both as tragic heroes. Creon demonstrates excessive pride by declaring that â€Å"He would never have any dealings with an enemy of the people† (1. 26-27 Sophocles). Creon only wanted Antigone to be an enemy of the people to allow his pride to stand strong. Even though Creon had sent down the orders to lay Antigione‘s brother, Polyneices, â€Å"out for the birds†, Antigone is determined to go against Creon’s demands for what she feels is right, therefore becoming a battle of wills. In contrasting Antigone and Creon, Antigone’s actions could be viewed as hubris, but she was only doing what was right for the sake of someone else, and probably would have done it for anybody. Where as Creon uses every moment to prove his power, instead of even considering what is right. This is proven true, even to the end when Creon wants to kill Antigone for her betrayal to him and his pride, while Antigone accepts it and decides to die with dignity. Unlike a samurai in Japan dying with dignity would not be submitting to their enemy, it would have been to take it into your own hands before the enemy had the pleasure (Strayer394). Antigone and Creon could qualify as tragic heroes because they were both equally Traylor2 engrossed in preserving their own pride. In the play, the gods look down upon Creon in his actions he took toward the burials of Etocles and Polyneices. This was enough for the gods to create a dust storm, so the reader thinks, until the dust settles. They soon realize it was Antigone creating it to cover up her underhanded plans to give her brother a proper burial. As you can see, both Antigone and Creon will go to tragic lengths to fulfill their desires. Traylor3 Works Cited Sophocles. â€Å"Antigone. † Holt McDougal Literature. Texas: Holt McDougal. 1068-1106. Print. Strayer, Robert W. Ways of the World: a Brief Global History. Boston: Bedford/St Martin’s, 2009. Print. How to cite Aspects of a Tragic Hero, Papers

Technological Development Of Rocketry free essay sample

Examines the developments of modern rocketry, including the initial development of gunpowder and the works of Jules Verne. Concludes that it is impossible to determine the birth of any particular technology. TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF ROCKETRY It is said that some 55 years ago, a group of German scientists stood at Peenemunde to watch the launch of the worlds first successful ballistic missile. After the 14-meter long V-2 had soared 80 km up and 120 km downrange, Wehrmacht Major General Walter Dornberger turned to the projects civilian technical director, Wernher Von Braun and said Do you realize what we accomplished today? Today the spaceship was born (Nelan, 1992, 35). In a small sense, he was correct, but in a larger sense, he was dead wrong, wrong in assuming that any technological event is a birth of something new. Isaac Newton, founder of modern physics was once asked how he was able to come up with so many inventions. We will write a custom essay sample on Technological Development Of Rocketry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He is reported to have answered By standing on the

Organizational Business and Competitive Analysis †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Business and Competitive Analysis. Answer: Introduction: The starting of a new business can provide many financial and personal rewards to the entrepreneurs in the future, however they can fac3 many challenges at the beginning. The challenges can be based on the time that is required or the amount of money that is invested. The first major challenge that can be faced by the new business is related to the difficulty related to the search of financial institutions which can be able to provide them with enough support. This means that the organization has to explore various options before it can receive the appropriate resource which can be used successfully. The operations of a business are filled with many ups and downs and this can act as a major challenge for the organization (Albrecht et al. 2015). The pressure to manage time and complete the requires tasks also becomes important for the successful operations of the business. The tasks that can be completed personally can be considered and separated from the tasks that need to outsourced. This will provide the required time that is required by the business owners to perform the important tasks. The business owners need to learn a lot from the various business related activities that they perform and the expertise that is important to run a particular business. The owners need to possess strong knowledge regarding the various functions, like managing employees and marketing. The new business owners need to have the knowledge regarding the management of stress and focussing on their personal lives (Bolden 2016). This will further help in the long-term and sustainable operations of the business organization. The new business organization needs to deal with the high levels of competition from the organizations which are already operating in the industry. This will help them in offering products and services which are unique and better than their competitors. The organization needs to learn the ways of dealing with more people as they require to hire more employees for the proper functioning. The owners will be required to create an efficient and effective team which can help in increasing the revenues and create a different position for the organization in the market (Bourbeau, Lavoie and Sedeno 2015). The owners need to know their vision and identity before they are able to start the operations of the new business. The business organizations can expand their operations in the market by taking various risks. The owners cannot play safe in conducting their business operations. The major risks t hat are taken in the expansion related operations can help in the further establishment of the business in the industry. The new business owners need to design their operations in such a manner so that they can be sustainable in the market. The sustainability related challenges faced by the new business can slow down its growth in the market (Brenkert 2017). The ways of facing these challenges The new business organization needs to first plan its processes and operations and try to gather the appropriate financing that is required for them to sustain. The financing level is important to grow the business the start the required operations. The finances can be further received from the various sources which include, banks and other financial institutions, the personal sources like relatives and friends. The owners need to build a model in such a manner so that the financers can be convinced successfully. The business owners always need to keep back-up resources which can help them in sustaining when they experience losses in the market. This help them to remain in the market and face all the challenges that come in their way. The management of time is important for proper functioning of the business organization in the market (Cardy and Leonard 2014). The owners need to carefully plan for the outsourcing of labour for the activities that they are not able to perform. The costs related to outsourcing also needs to considered beforehand so that the organization can conduct successful planning. The owners need to appoint trainers who can provide the employees with the required skill sets and expertise so that they can operate easily. The gain of knowledge and expertise will help the employees in performing the various tasks in a successful way. The owners of the business need to manage their work life and personal life in an effective manner which can help in reducing stress. The owners need to align the model of their business with the types of employees they hire. This will help them in building an efficient team which will further increase the revenues of the company (Chang and Wyszomirski 2015). The owners need to hire diverse and versatile people who are willing to take risks and work in an independent manner. The financial team of the new business organization needs to keep track of the various operations and manage the receivables and payables in such a manner so that they can plan for any type of financial emergency well in advance. This will also help them in monitoring the turnover of the business. The various professionals appointed by the organizations need to keep a track of the position and activities of the competitors and try to improve their offerings accordingly. They need to create unique value proposition for the customers so that it can help them in gaining competitive advantage in the market. The services and the products of the company need to be unique so they can have an edge over the other in the market (Colombo et al. 2014). The employees of the organization need to be managed in an effective manner and this is possible by motivating them for work by providing extra benefits and rewards. The company also needs to provide a working environment where the employees can work in an effective manner and provide their new ideas and opinions. The dynamic nature of the entrepreneurs can help in creating the dynamic working environment in the organization. The owners need to be clear about vision related to the operations of the organization in the industry. This will help them in creating their own space and raise funds as well. The business owners need to have contingency plans for managing the various risks that are related to the expansion related operations (Crane and Matten 2016). This will help them in sustaining their operations during the crisis periods. Sustainability of operations is of great importance for the organizations in the modern business world. The sustainable policies can help the organizations in operating in the industry for a much longer time in a sustainable manner. The business model needs to be designed effectively so that it is able to create value for the organization. The culture of the organization needs to be developed in a positive manner by the leaders and the managers. This will be helpful for the organization and the ways by which they operate in the industry. The employees need to inculcate themselves in the culture of the organization which can help them in gaining success. The new business needs to have a successful marketing policy which can be helpful for them to increase the awareness of their brand in the market (Fleisher and Bensoussan 2015). The skills required by the managers for the first three years The skills that are required by the managers of new business organizations are as follows, The managers need to have an analytical mind which can be helpful for them in identifying the opportunities and problems related to a particular situation. This can help them is getting out the best form the organization. They can plan accordingly for their team and create a plan of action as well. The ability of the managers to understand and forecast the benefits of finances can help them in setting up the target for their business (Freeman and Siegfried 2015). The managers need to possess the ability to grow the operations of the business and develop the organization. They need to identify the specific areas of the organization which are not performing according to the expectations. This be helpful in solving the issue and creating a solution. The managers can be effective only if they are able to set target for the business and take steps to achieve the goals. They can further communicate the plans that are important for the achievement of the goals of the company (Kolk 2016). The managers should know their team well so that they are able to manage the teams in an effective manner. The managers need to understand the skills that are possessed by the members of the team and use these skills effectively for increasing the revenues of the company. This can also be helpful in deciding the process of appraisal of the employees. The business market has become competitive in nature and the managers need to be organized in their work processes so that they can manage time effectively. This can further save a lot of time which can be invested in other vital functions of the organization (McGuirk, Lenihan and Hart 2015). The managers need to become a great leader to manage the organizational activities in an effective manner. The leadership skills of the managers can help them in managing the team and organising the work process as well. These skills of the managers can be the most helpful when the organization has to through a crisis period. The managers need to update their skills along with the advances that take place in the technologies. They need to keep up with the changes in various technologies that are related to the modern business world. They need to have knowledge regarding the things that are going on in the other organizations in the industry (Mittal and Dhar 2015). The managers need to have a strong sense related to integrity and ethics that are related to their work process in the organizations. This will help them in sustaining in the business world for a long time and the organization will also be able to maintain its standards. The managers need to believe on the ideas that they are about to implement in the organizations. The motivation levels of the managers impact the operations of the new business organization in the industry. The highly motivated managers are further able to motivate their team and make them work in such a manner so that it can increase the revenues of the organization (Spieth, Schneckenberg and Ricart 2014). The managers need to be able to recognise the talent of the employees and appreciate them for their work as well. The managers who appreciate and recognise the employees for their work are the ones who understand the importance of motivated employees in the organizational processes. This further helps the managers to build trust among his team of employees. The managers also need to possess the capability to connect in a successful manner with the employees. The size of the team of employees decides the ways by which the managers can connect with them. This connection can be created with the help of regular meetings, reviews with the employees. This is an important factor which helps in the formation of effective teams in the new business organizations (Spigel 2017). The managers need to have the ability to delegate the appropriate tasks to the employees based on their capabilities. The sense of trust among the members of the organization is important for the delegation of tasks by the managers. Strategies followed by entrepreneurs to achieve success The entrepreneurs need to build strategies which can help them in choosing their type of business idea and the ways by which they can reach their goals. The successful strategy of the entrepreneurs also involves the gathering of support for their new business venture. The previous work experience of the entrepreneurs can help them in formulating successful strategies for the purpose of achieving success in business. The entrepreneurs mainly use the strategy of analysing their previous experience to understand the skills and the knowledge that they possess to use in their own business. Franchising can help the entrepreneurs in developing their own business. The franchising strategy can provide the entrepreneurs with a particular business idea which they can follow to form their own business operations (Spieth, Schneckenberg and Ricart 2014). The entrepreneurs can be successful in their venture if they have the courage to follow their own gut instincts and develop their idea into an entirely new business. This process can help the entrepreneurs in creating new and untested ventures and ideas which are also innovative in nature. The entrepreneurs sometimes use the strategy of doing things in ways which are different from the ways they were done before. This also helps them in creating a unique and completely new business idea. The entrepreneurs need to be motivated and they should not be influenced by the failures and adversity in the business environment. The main strategy behind becoming a successful entrepreneur is to learn from failures and believe in their own ideas (Freeman and Siegfried 2015). The entrepreneurs need to understand the niche market to be successful in their venture related to the new business. The successful entrepreneurs need to be able to spot and understand the trends in the market and design their ideas accordingly. This will help in recognising the needs of the consumers and their desires so that new market opportunities can be created. The entrepreneurs need to understand the weakness of their competitors and try to develop their services and products in such a manner which can create a competitive advantage in the market. The new entrepreneurs need to reinvent their business operations so that they can update their product offerings according to the changes in the need of the consumers (Chang and Wyszomirski 2015). Resources and the relationships contained by the strategy of an entrepreneur The entrepreneurs need to build relationships and strategies with the customers so that they are able to create an indispensable nature of the company. This can help them in adding value and enhancing their brands in the all the possible ways. Communicating in a frequent manner with the customers can help the entrepreneurs in creating a dynamic atmosphere. The entrepreneur can build successful relationships with the customers by providing them with rewards so that they are attracted towards the organization. The creation of relationships is important for the successful operations and revenue generation of the new business organizations. This will further help them in creating a loyal base of customers (Bolden 2016). The entrepreneurs can plan for many events and programs which can help them in creating awareness about their unique products among the current and the potential customers as well. The entrepreneurs need to create a two communication channel which is related to the custom ers of the company. The interaction with the customers can create a base for the products and the services that are offered by the new business. The business organization needs to build an effective customer service so that they can retain the existing customers and attract the new customers as well (Fleisher and Bensoussan 2015). The entrepreneurs can therefore try to build a position for their business in the market by creating relationships with the customers who are major parts of the entire operations of the business in the market. This will further enable them to sustain with their business activities for a longer time in the industry. 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